The Octatonic Scale is a scale that has eight notes that is constructed from alternating half-steps (H) and whole-steps (W).
H-W-H-W-H-W-H-W
Here is an example of a octatonic scale starting on D:
An octatonic scale may also begin with a whole-step:
W-H-W-H-W-H-W-H
These scales are also called diminished scales.
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